Publication
Vietnam: Competition Law Fact Sheet
Overview of the main provisions of the Competition Law, and discussion of the enforcement regime and recent enforcement trends.
Global | Publication | October 2017
On October 24, 2017, an official notice issued by the Venezuelan Central Bank was published in Official Gazette No. 41,263 in connection with the applicable exchange rate for the assessment of certain tax liabilities (the Official Notice).
In the Official Notice the Central Bank informs the tax authorities and the public that the exchange rate set forth in article 1 of Exchange Agreement No. 35 of March 9, 2016, (namely, the protected or DIPRO exchange rate) shall be used as reference in the following cases:
Assessing tax liabilities arising from contracts entered into by Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), its affiliates or mixed companies incorporated pursuant to the Organic Hydrocarbons Law (Mixed Companies) with exclusive vendors of specialized supplies in the national territory that are directly connected to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons activities, which payment was agreed upon in foreign currency. The Official Notice does not define the term “specialized supplies.”
Payment obligations of public prices, tariffs, commissions and surcharges that were agreed upon in foreign currency as the unit of account of PDVSA, its affiliates and Mixed Companies.
Finally, in the Official Notice the Central Bank reaffirms the content of official notices published in Official Gazette No. 41,024 of November 4, 2016, and N° 41,128 of April 4, 2017, pertaining to the applicable exchange rate for the purposes of: (i) translating the taxable base of tax liabilities arising from customs operations carried out by PDVSA, its affiliates, Mixed Companies or its vendors of specialized supplies; and (ii) assessing the taxable base of domestic taxes applicable to primary activities concerning liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.
Publication
Overview of the main provisions of the Competition Law, and discussion of the enforcement regime and recent enforcement trends.
Publication
Artificial intelligence (AI) raises many intellectual property (IP) issues.
Publication
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or the Court) recently ruled in Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz & Ors v. Switzerland (Application No. 53600/20) that Switzerland had breached the European Convention of Human Rights (the Convention) by not taking sufficient action against climate change. In particular, it found a breach of the right to respect for private and family life contained in Article 8 of the Convention, based on Switzerland’s failure to mitigate the impact of climate change on the lives, health, well-being and quality of life of its citizens. It also ruled that Switzerland had breached the right to a fair trial in terms of Article 6, in that the domestic courts failed to examine the merits of the applicants’ complaints, including the scientific evidence. In this article we consider the key features of this landmark judgment, which has wide ramifications for Member States of the Convention.
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