Publication
Vietnam: Competition Law Fact Sheet
Overview of the main provisions of the Competition Law, and discussion of the enforcement regime and recent enforcement trends.
Global | Publication | November 2016
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) has introduced an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) initiative to pre-screen visa-exempt foreign nationals travelling to or transiting through Canada by air. The eTA was introduced in March 2016. The mandatory implementation of the eTA has been delayed a number of times, as indicated in our September and October bulletins. However, effective November 10, 2016 all visa-exempt nationals, with limited exceptions, must have an eTA in order to travel to Canada by air.
The eTA initiative is similar to the ESTA program in the United States. An eTA must be obtained prior to travelling to Canada by air. It is automatically linked to the foreign national’s passport. The application process is quick and simple.
To apply for an eTA, please go to http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/visit/eta-start.asp.
The application fee is $7 and the eTA will be granted by email within minutes of submitting the application, unless additional documents are required, in which case processing may take a few days or a few weeks. An eTA is valid for up to five (5) years or until the expiry of the passport used at the time of the application.
Examples of visa-exempt foreign nationals who require an eTA include citizens of: the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Ireland, as well as most of Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea. To find out if you need an eTA, please visit: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/visit/visas.asp
US citizens, Canadian permanent residents and foreign nationals who require a visa to enter Canada (such as citizens of India, China, Brazil, the Philippines, South Africa, Russia) are exempt from the requirement to obtain an eTA.
Furthermore, eTAs are automatically included on all work permits and study permits issued at a Canadian port of entry on or after August 1, 2015. Please note that eTAs are not automatically included on work permit extensions and study permit extensions issued at the Case Processing Centre in Vegreville, Alberta. eTAs are also not automatically included on any Visitor Record.
If you are uncertain as to whether you have an eTA, we recommend that you go to online link and apply for a new eTA.
Publication
Overview of the main provisions of the Competition Law, and discussion of the enforcement regime and recent enforcement trends.
Publication
Artificial intelligence (AI) raises many intellectual property (IP) issues.
Publication
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or the Court) recently ruled in Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz & Ors v. Switzerland (Application No. 53600/20) that Switzerland had breached the European Convention of Human Rights (the Convention) by not taking sufficient action against climate change. In particular, it found a breach of the right to respect for private and family life contained in Article 8 of the Convention, based on Switzerland’s failure to mitigate the impact of climate change on the lives, health, well-being and quality of life of its citizens. It also ruled that Switzerland had breached the right to a fair trial in terms of Article 6, in that the domestic courts failed to examine the merits of the applicants’ complaints, including the scientific evidence. In this article we consider the key features of this landmark judgment, which has wide ramifications for Member States of the Convention.
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