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Let's talk antitrust: Discussing recent cases and emerging competition issues
Recent cases and judgments have shone a light on some emerging themes and trends that companies will want to consider as part of their risk management framework.
Publication | December 2023
On December 18, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Department of Justice, Antitrust Division (DOJ) (together, Agencies) released updated Merger Guidelines (Guidelines). The Guidelines amend, replace and consolidate the 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines and the 2020 Vertical Merger Guidelines. The Guidelines are not legally binding but provide some predictability to the antitrust bar and merging parties when evaluating the antitrust risk of proposed transactions.
The Agencies previewed draft Guidelines on July 19, 2023. The Guidelines have since been updated after a two-month period in which the Agencies received more than 30,000 comments to incorporate recent case law (after facing criticism that the draft Guidelines ignored decades of recent precedent), provide more clarity, and remove some of the structural presumptions advanced in the earlier draft. The Guidelines reflect and are consistent with positions the Agencies have been taking in recent years.
The final Guidelines, which reflect softened language on some topics, retain their emphasis on transactions that tend to create a monopoly, focus on mergers that may limit rivals’ access to inputs or lead to sharing of competitively sensitive information, advance new theories of harm relating to competition in labor markets, codify aggressive new thresholds for what transactions the Agencies view as presumptively illegal and formalize a new focus on cross-market effects and serial acquisitions.
The Agencies past merger guidelines are frequently cited by courts in Section 7 cases—the Agencies are likely to cite these guidelines in challenges in the coming year in the hope that courts adopt their tighter thresholds as law.
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Recent cases and judgments have shone a light on some emerging themes and trends that companies will want to consider as part of their risk management framework.
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After a lacklustre finish to 2022 when compared to the vintage year for M&A that was 2021, dealmakers expected 2023 to see the market continue to cool in most sectors, in response to the economic headwinds of rising inflation (with its corresponding impact on financing costs), declining market valuations, tightening regulatory scrutiny and increasing geopolitical tensions.
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On 18 September 2023, the CMA published its Initial Report (Initial Report) on AI Foundation Models (FM), supplemented in April 2024 with the publication of its “Update Paper” focused on potential antitrust risks associated with FMs and a “Technical Update Report” providing more detail on the development on FMs (collectively the “Reports”). Below, we consider these CMA publications.
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